Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibition enhances mineral nodule formation by cementoblasts in vitro

Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether GSK-3 inhibition (CHIR99021) effectively promoted mineralization by cementoblasts (OCCM-30). OCCM-30 cells were used and treated with different concentrations of CHIR99021 (2.5, 5, and 10 mM). Experiments included proliferation and viability, cellular metabolic activity, gene expression, and mineral nodule formation by Xylene Orange at the experimental time points. In general, CHIR99021 did not significantly affect OCCM-30 viability and cell metabolism (MTT assay) (p > 0.05), but increased OCCM-30 proliferation at 2.5 mM on days 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). Data analysis further showed that inhibition of GSK-3 resulted in increased transcript levels of Axin2 in OCCM-30 cells starting as early as 4 h, and regulated the expression of key bone markers including alkaline phosphatase (Alp), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin (Ocn), and osterix (Osx). In addition, CHIR99021 led to an enhanced mineral nodule formation in vitro under both osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions as early as 5 days after treatment. Altogether, the results of the current study suggest that inhibition of GSK-3 has the potential to promote cementoblast differentiation leading to increased mineral deposition in vitro.

Disfunção endotelial e periodontite ­ predição de risco para eventos cardiovasculares / Periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction ­ risk prediction for cardiovascular events

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a associação entre a disfunção endotelial, diagnosticada no exame de dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF) da artéria braquial, e a periodontite crônica. Algumas evidências demonstraram uma associação entre as infecções periodontais e a disfunção endotelial. Alterações na função endotelial estão intimamente relacionadas com a aterosclerose, bem como seus fatores de risco, e constituem uma etapa intermediária na progressão de eventos adversos ao longo da história natural da doença cardiovascular, sendo esta uma das maiores causas de morte no mundo. A busca por artigos foi realizada no site Pubmed com as palavras-chave: periodontite, periodontite crônica, endotélio vascular, enfartos, derrames e doenças cardiovasculares. Após a busca, nove artigos foram selecionados para entrar nesta revisão. Os resultados dos estudos mostraram que indivíduos com periodontite apresentam a função endotelial prejudicada, quando comparados a indivíduos sem periodontite, e o tratamento da doença periodontal melhora a disfunção endotelial. Concluiu-se que a periodontite (DP) parece influenciar na função endotelial, e o seu tratamento pode melhorar a disfunção endotelial, um preditor de eventos cardiovasculares.

The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review on the association between endothelial dysfunction diagnosed on examination of flow-mediated dilatation (DMF) and chronic periodontitis. Some evidence shows an association between periodontal infections and endothelial dysfunction. Changes in endothelial function are closely related to atherosclerosis and its risk factors and is an intermediary step in the progression of adverse events throughout the natural history of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the largest causes of death worldwide. The electronic search was performed on Pubmed with the following key words: periodontitis, chronic periodontitis, vascular endothelium, heart attacks, strokes, cardiovascular diseases; overall, 9 articles were selected. The results of the studies showed that individuals with periodontitis have impaired endothelial function when compared to patients without periodontitis and the treatment of periodontal disease improves endothelial dysfunction. It was concluded that periodontal disease (PD) appears to influence on endothelial function and the treatment of periodontitis could improve endothelial dysfunction is a predictor of cardiovascular events.

Imunomodulação do hospedeiro com dose subantimicrobiana de doxiciclina no tratamento coadjuvante da periodontite crônica – revisão da literatura / Host Immunomodulation with Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline as Adjunctive Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis – Literature Review

A Terapia de Modulação do Hospedeiro (TMH) com dose subantimicrobiana de Doxiciclina (DSD) tem o objetivo de complementar o tratamento periodontal convencional atuando na diminuição dos processos destrutivos da resposta imunoinflamatória e no aumento dos processos protetivos e regenerativos. O objetivo desta revisão da literatura é descrever os principais aspectos da TMH e avaliar, sob o ponto de vista clínico, a eficácia da DSD como tratamento coadjuvante à terapia periodontal convencional em pacientes portadores de periodontite crônica. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas na base de dados PubMed e foram incluídos artigos indexados a partir do ano 2000 que abordavam o tema proposto. Para avaliação da eficácia clínica foram selecionados 6 estudos clínicos duplo-cegos, randomizados, placebo-controlados, com grupos paralelos, em pacientes com periodontite crônica e sem condições sistêmicas que pudessem influenciar o curso da doença periodontal. Os estudos clínicos selecionados mostraram uma capacidade superior da TMH com DSD na melhoria dos parâmetros clínicos e dos marcadores biológicos da periodontite quando comparados com o tratamento convencional sozinho

The Host Modulation Therapy (HMT) with subantimicrobial dose Doxycycline (SDD) is intended to complement the conventional periodontal treatment acting on reducing destructive processes of the immunoinflammatory response and increasing protective and regenerative processes. The purpose of this review is to describe the main aspects of HMT and evaluate, from a clinical point of view, the efficacy of SDDas an adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. For this purpose, searches were conducted in PubMed database and articles indexed from 2000 that addressed the proposed theme were included. To evaluate the clinical efficacy, 6 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial sin patients with chronic periodontitis and without systemic conditions that could influence the course of the periodontal disease, were selected. The selected clinical studies showed a superior ability of HMT with SDD in improving clinical parameters and biological markers of periodontitis when compared to conventional treatment alone.